Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey - 947 Words

Penelope’s Web At the beginning of The Odyssey, Homer tells of Odysseus’ struggle he faces to return home to his wife and son. Meanwhile, in Ithaca, his wife Penelope is pursued by many suitors trying to marry her and take over his kingdom. Athena then appears to Telemachus as Mentor to give him hope that his father will return and to convince him to set sail in search of his father. In book two, following Mentor’s visit, Telemachus gathers all the suitors and confronts them about their actions toward his mother. Antinous then tells Telemachus of how Penelope had led them on. Throughout The Odyssey, Homer emphasizes many important points with his use of symbolism. One of these points regarded Penelope’s loom. He emphasizes her loom as though to illustrate the ideas of faith, faithfulness, trust and betrayal, as well as the idea of karma. After Telemachus had confronted the suitors of their wrongdoings toward his mother, Antinous spoke up and stated, â₠¬Å"she set up a great loom in the royal halls / and she began to weave, and the weaving finespun, / the yarns endless, and she would lead us on: ‘Young men, / my suitors, now that King Odysseus is no more, / go slowly, keen as you are to marry me, until I can finish off this web†¦ (Lines 102-107).† This is the first that Penelope’s loom is referred to as a web, entailing that there is some complexity in the way she keeps her faithfulness to her husband. Although she is not strong enough to keep off the suitors with physicalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1202 Words   |  5 Pagescoping with the idea of losing his father and letting others to rule Ithaca. It is noticeable from the beginning of The Odyssey, written by Homer that Telemachus finds himself in a complicated situation where his life is seen to be in danger. He is a character of being distance from people. The idea of Telemachus becoming his own father, threatens suitor’s control in Ithaca. Homer describes Telemachus as a teenager who has not found himself and is on a mission to become an adult as his father. TelemachusRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1095 Words   |  5 Pagesused in Homer’s Odyssey is the digression. The digression is departure from the main storyline that does not alter the action of the story, but adds a layer of sentimental content to the plot which usually helps underscore themes central to the story. The digressions in the Odyssey are meticulously written with great attention to detail just like the rest of the epic, and they truly help readers grasp the important aspects of the story. The liberal use of digression in the Odyssey helps build a vividRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer2018 Words   |  9 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is more light in tone than the Iliad, of the same author: The good wins while the evil is punished. Even though the gods are still strict, the relationship between Odyss eus and Athena is a more sincere and equal a relationship than between God and Man in the Iliad. Odysseus is distinguished not only by his bravery, but largely by his intellect and cunning. He is the type of resourceful man whom never gives up, thinks of the causes, is reverent and never gives in. The Odyssey isRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, By Homer915 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Odyssey, the hero, Odysseus is portrayed in two different and contradicting lights: the wise hero and the capricious leader blinded by his own pride. The epic writer, Homer, embodies the theme of hubris throughout Odysseus’ journey home. The idea of hubris, a trait of excessive pride, significantly develops personalities of characters within The Odyssey, and Homer ultimately creates a statement about excessive pride. The dual portrayal of Odysseus leads the reader to ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The word â€Å"Family†, according to Merriam Webster, is thought to be a group of people brought together by common affiliation. The same cannot be said for the culture in the Odyssey by Homer. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is trying to get back home from fighting in the Trojan War. He has been away from home for almost 20 years longing to just be reunited with his kinfolk. Along the way, he comes across many obstacles that hinders him from reaching his home and family in in Ithaca. Luckily, the memoriesRead MoreAnalysis Of Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey2253 Words   |  10 Pagesand Midwifery Council, 2006). The literature surrounding the subject of mentorship is vast and fails to provide a single definition, however the terms used are often similar. Colley (2000) writes that the word mentor originated in Homer’s poem ‘Odyssey’ in which the character oversees the development of Telemachus. Usually mentoring describes the process of an experienced team member using their skills and knowledge to educate and develop a junior or less skilled co-worker (Chartered Institute ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1483 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in The Odyssey Violence in Literature can take any form, whether it be natural disaster like and earthquake or a human based disaster like war (Campbell). In Homer’s The Odyssey both types are found†¦ whether it’s Odysseus’s hardships like making it home or dealing with the wrath of the god Poseidon. Every violent scene has its own reasons, some are more reasonable than others. For instance, the gods were angered by the disobedience of the mortals, this is more reasonable than the killingRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 795 Words   |  4 Pages Odysseus Epic Hero In the Epic, â€Å"The Odyssey, spoken by Homer, conveys a heroic tale of an epic hero named, Odysseus, who faces many challenges as he sails to get home. One of the tasks Odysseus faces is, The Sirens, who challenge Odysseus s will power. Another challenge Odysseus encounters is, â€Å"The Cyclops, who torments and slaughters some of Odysseus s men due to his curiosity. One of the hardest threats he had to confront was, â€Å"The Land ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 PagesGreek society, Homer’s The Odyssey provides a detailed insight into the values of this intricate culture. In particular, this epic discusses the ways in which the deathless gods influence the fates of the mortals. The overall impact of the gods’ power is the mental straining that emerges from the unrelenting conflict of man versus immortal. Likewise, the actions and misfortunes of others also catalyze this extremely significant and powerful mental battle. Homerâ€⠄¢s The Odyssey reveals the values of ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1128 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey shows a lot of different stereotypes for women throughout the book, taking action to get what they want. Odysseus is trying to get back home after ten long years since the fall of troy, and his son is going out to find him. Throughout the book Odysseus meets lots of woman who vary in personality. He meets woman with the stereotypes: â€Å"mantis†- dominant, eats its mate, destroys to gain power, feared by many. â€Å"Damsel in distress†- persecuted maiden, woman placed in a dire predicament requires

Living on A Minimum Wage Free Essays

Barbara Ehrenreich is a writer and journalist who decided to conduct an experiment and find out for herself what it is like to live on the minimum wage. For one month at a time she entered various communities, taking on minimum wage positions and trying to stay ahead. Ehrenreich detailed her experience in the book Nickel and Dimed. We will write a custom essay sample on Living on A Minimum Wage or any similar topic only for you Order Now This books offers insight into the real lives and struggles of these people, showing just how difficult life is for them. As well as this, it is a striking account of how the lower class are treated by their employers and by people in general. The first thing that was immediately noticeable in the book was just how hard it was for people on the minimum wage just to achieve the basics of having food and shelter. Ehrenreich started the experiment in Key West and was not planning to live an extravagant life at all. Her plan was to find a job that would pay $7 an hour and a place to rent at a low enough price that she could afford food and gas. Ehrenreich’s plan is to live in a trailer home. However, she soon finds that even a trailer home comes at a rent that is too high. Ehrenreich describes this realization saying that â€Å"it is a shock to realize that ‘trailer trash’ has become, for me, a demographic category to aspire to† (Ehrenreich p. 12). This was surprising and shocking to read and changed my opinion about conditions for people on the minimum wage. I had considered that people living in trailer homes were struggling, but had never considered that they were struggling to the extent that just affording a trailer home would be so difficult. I also assumed that people living on minimum wage would be able to at least afford basic items such as food and shelter, even if they were not able to afford luxuries. This immediately opened my eyes to just how much people struggle just to get the basic essentials. This same problem is revealed again later in the book where Ehrenreich experiences the same thing in different towns. At one point, she is working two jobs and working seven days a week. Even then, she is only just able to supply herself with the basics. Ehrenreich also offers an opinion on the housing problem where she states that the high rent is a problem in all places â€Å"where tourists and the wealthy compete for living space with the people who clean their toilets and fry their food† (Ehrenreich 12). This suggests that the minimum wage earners are pushed out of decent accommodation by the people who are better off. The higher wage earners can afford higher rent and so rents go as high as these people can afford. Ehrenreich’s reference to the wealthy though, doesn’t seem to refer to those that would typically be considered wealthy. Instead, the wealthy are labeled from the point of view of someone who is on minimum wage. The wealthy then are really the skilled workers who are by no means rich, but are rich enough to afford to live reasonably well and at least manage to meet their basic needs and achieve a basic living standard. This strongly suggests that there is a major problem in society, since it seems absurd to think that you have to be wealthy just to have enough to have a decent place to live and be able to eat. This is a basic right that every person should have and it seems wrong that it is not available to everyone. It seems especially wrong that it is not available to a person working as hard and as many hours as Ehrenreich does. Ehrenreich also provides further analysis of the problem. As she sees it, there is a supply and demand issue at the heart of the problem. Workers need to work, but there are more workers then there are jobs. This gives employers the ability to keep wages current and still have those jobs filled. In fact, this just created more demand for jobs because workers will be looking for two or three jobs. In this situation, there is no need for employers to increase wages so they do not. This results in the wages being fixed. At the same time, there is demand for rental properties, food, and all the other essentials. This demand is not driven by the people on minimum wage, but by the population overall. While the people on minimum wage may not ever be moving forward, the economy overall and the population overall is always moving forward. This means that the cost of everything is always increasing, which includes the cost of food and the cost of rent. The question this raises is how people on minimum wage are ever supposed to catch up. How can they save anything to better themselves or improve their situation if every cent they earn is spent just trying to live? And if they cannot move ahead but everything else keeps moving ahead, what other option is there but for the people to fall further and further behind? This suggests that the conditions will continue to worsen. People on minimum wage will have to work more jobs and longer hours and will be able to do less and less with that money. In the book, Ehrenreich shows that she came very close to having to live in a shelter. It seems that life will only become harder and this downhill spiral may be the only direction that life can go for people on the bottom levels. Another important point in the book relates to how Ehrenreich is treated. From her first attempts to get a job, there is always the sense that she is being looked down upon by others. The job application processes seem uncaring at best and often humiliating. The working conditions seem just as bad. And for the customers that she serves in her roles, it seems like she is treated as barely human. The only real kindness or consideration she receives is from people in the same position as her. For employers and the public, she is either not noticed at all or seen as inferior and not deserving better treatment. For the public, I think this is something that happens naturally, rather than something is done out of cruelty. As long as someone is in a job and performing a job task, they tend to be though of as existing to perform that task. This applies to all positions, whether it be minimum wage or not. For example, it is natural to think of doctors and dentists in terms of the jobs they perform and not to consider them as people. For this point then, I don’t think that the book shows a special disregard for minimum wage earners. Instead, it is more like there is just a lack of awareness about these people. In the end though, I don’t think it is up to the public to show regard for minimum wage earners or any other type of worker. Instead, it should be up to the employer to treat all employees fairly. As noted though, there is no requirement for companies to do so. And the companies are always thinking of employees as a cost and not considering their personal needs. What can be done about the problem them? Ehrenreich does not provide an answer and there is no clear solution. However, just noticing that there is a problem to be solved is a good start. The book also shows power issues between employers and employers. Ehrenreich suggests that employers are keen to maintain their power over employees, including making it clear that employees should not join unions. During the interview process, Ehrenreich has to answer questions about whether she has children that would interfere with her ability to get to work and whether she thinks safety is the responsibility of management. Ehrenreich also describes trick questions asking about things like the amount of stolen goods purchased per year and the attitude on drugs. It seems clear that the interview process is created with the belief that the person will be a problematic employee. They might injure themselves and expect management to care. They might be late for work because of their children. They might be on drugs or steal from the company. The situation does not get any better when Ehrenreich gets a job, with her boss then constantly watching her for signs of drug abuse, stealing, or any other form of rule breaking. The situation that Ehrenreich describes is one where the employer has complete power. Despite all the laws on equal opportunity, it seems that employers can discriminate and choose not to employ someone who has children. Despite the law protecting the safety of workers, it seems that employers can ignore their duty of protecting employees. Overall, it seems that employees have no rights at all and no power at all. The companies can make demands and the employee’s situation gives them no choice but to accept the demands. The power issues also seem to be increased by the view that the employers have of the employees. They seem to expect employees to be drug abusers, to be likely to steal, and to be barely intelligent or capable enough to perform basic duties. It is this attitude that has minimum wage earners like Ehrenreich being looked down on and treated with no respect. As Ehrenreich notes several times, minimum wage earners are seen as nothing more than people who have no choice but to do the jobs that are above everyone else. What can be done about this problem? Ehrenreich does not provide any answers to this questions. However, what she does do is make it clear that there is a very real problem. After reading the book, the daily battle of minimum wage earners becomes disturbingly clear. It is even more concerning when is it considered that Ehrenreich has trouble surviving as a minimum wage earner even though she has a lot more going for her than most, including that she only has herself to support. If Ehrenreich can’t do it, it seems clear that nobody can. The end result of the book is the realization that there is a major problem in society that needs to be fixed. This is what the makes the book powerful, with Ehrenreich’s account of her struggle able to open people’s eyes to the world that they either couldn’t see or didn’t want to see. How to cite Living on A Minimum Wage, Essay examples

Organizational Issue in Wal-Mart-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Issue in Wal-Mart. Answer: Introduction Organizational behavior is the study of individual actions in terms of managerial situations. It includes the study of persons, groups as well as entire association in order to evaluate the activities and performance. The study of organizational behavior focuses on different managerial behaviors for achieving organizational goals and purposes. The theories of organizational behavior are helpful in searching different ways to attain the objectives. By maintaining positive culture, organizations are able to motivate the workforce (Arvinen-Muondo Perkins, 2013). Organizational behavior is an efficient approach to interrelate with the staff within the company. The organizational behavior discloses the operational atmosphere of the organization and permits people to behave morally and graciously with each other. This report identifies the issues related to organizational behavior faced by the company in the vibrant business environment. An organization is chosen for discussing the issue specifically and at the end of the report, suggestions are provided in order to resolution the issue (French Schermerhorn, 2008). Key objective of this report is to identify the key issues of management in an organization. For discussion, Wal-Mart is selected. This report categorizes various perception of the employees by which organization is facing issues to keep them motivated. The report identifies specific behavior of people in the company by which they are not satisfied with their job. Key objective of this report is to examine the approach and performance of the human resources and to offer recommendations for enhancing the performance of the employees (Lovelock, Wirtz Chatterjee, 2011). Organizational behavior issues in Wal-Mart Currently, the dynamic business environment has to deal with various challenges. The needs and motivating factors are changing continuously because of the shift in socio-economic structure and multicultural approach in the business. Now, managing the employees to enhance the organizational performance is major challenge for the organizations. Wal-Mart is also encountering some issues related to organizational behavior. It is found that the employees in the organization are motivated because of various reasons. In the Wal-Mart, main issue in the organization is that management is facing the problem as there is not enthusiasm among the employees. Because of the lack of enthusiasm, people are not able to achieve their best to achieve organizational objective effectively (Galliers Leidner, 2014). Low wages and employee dissatisfaction The slogan of Wal-Mart is save more, live better. It is observed that company is focusing on this factor on its employees. There are around 2.2 million employees working in 9,000 stores. Wages rate at Wal-Mart is drastically low as compared to its competitors. The administration of Wal-Mart is managing the cost cutting actions in the insistent way. It is reducing the employee benefits along with the wages provided by the company. Each and every business organization adopts various strategies in order to maximize the profit. In this manner, cost cutting is the popular way by managing labor cost. But, Wal-Mart has not accepted and executed this strategy efficiently. The regular wages of the lowest salaried employees in Wal-Mart is $18,720 if the worker is working for 40 hours per week and 52 weeks in a year. But the regular pay of employees is observed to be $9 per hour and it is observed that employees are working around 34 hours per week. So, their annual salary is estimated to be $1 5,500. The result is that employees are dissatisfied in the company. The work disturbances are majorly generated by low wages rate in Wal-Mart. Literature review It is analyzed that Wal-Mart is facing issues in terms of low wages and employee dissatisfaction. Employees in the company are not satisfied as they are not getting proper salaries and wages for their job. The company needs to motivate its employees for improving overall works performance. According to Maslow Need Hierarchy, the first psychological need of individual is to be satisfied. The psychological needs lead a person to get occupied with the job in order to ensure regular earning (Nicolini, 2012). The key aim of employment is to satisfy the basic needs of the employees within the organization. Lower wages in Wal-Mart is not proper in order to meet the psychological needs of the employees. They need to avail food stamp and money to maintain their livelihood. So, company is not able to meet the primary requirements of the employees. Employees are not satisfied and it can be seen in their performance (Aladwan, Bhanugopan DNetto, 2015). According to Herzbergs Two Factor Motivation Theory, there are two factors related to the motivation of the employees in the organization. It is observed that hygiene factors includes procedures and policies of the company i.e. management and supervision, working conditions, job security and salary and interpersonal relations. Because of absence of these hygiene factors, there is high level of dissatisfaction among the employees in the company (Wright et al, 2005). Along with this, it also impact on the performance of the employees. It is observed that Wal-Mart is not providing proper salary to the employees which are one of the most important hygiene factors. Based on Herzbergs Two Factor Motivation, employees are dissatisfied and they are calling out for strikes in various stores. Because of the lack of motivation, employees of Wal-Mart employees are not able to do their job effectively. Thus, overall shopping experience of the customers is declining which has a potential impact on the financial performance of the company (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Employee satisfaction and job culture- Job satisfaction is an approach towards work and organizational performance which depends upon staff satisfaction. People having high level of job contentment always grasp encouraging attitude towards the job role. On the other hand, if people are dissatisfied with their job then they hold negative attitudes towards job and organization. Employee satisfaction is the inmost concern in the business. Basically, employee satisfaction is related to the productivity which is then connected to the companys productivity. Employee satisfaction plays an important role in improving the firms profitability and enhancing organizational performance and equality of goods and services. There is no doubt that employee satisfaction impacts on the industry in order to achieve profitability and quality ((DuBrin, 2013). Job satisfaction is one of the most commonly searched variables in the organizational behavior, culture and other job-related phenomenon. Research has revealed that job satisfaction is the multidimensional fact affected by various internal and external factors i.e. individuals principles, principles, expectations and traits along with jobs nature and future opportunities. Hackman and Oldman (1975) formed a model of job satisfaction to explain the casual relation between the features of job and actions of employees. The relation is affected by three emotional circumstances i.e. skilled meaningfulness of work, accountability for the outcome of work and information for actual outcome of work. According to this theory, employees react positively to their work if they feel that their work is outstanding and they are accountable for their job performance (Robbins et al, 2013). The psychological situation is affected by basic work features i.e. skill variety, task identity and task signific ance. These variables describe the overall difficulty of the job which is called encouraging prospective. Various researches were conducted for defining and describing the dimensions of job satisfaction and employee motivation. There are various theories and models in the organizational behavior which can be used to address the challenges in the organization (Shurbagi Zahari, 2012). In order to address the organizational behavior issues, the organizational model will be efficient for the Wal-Mart as the models will be helpful for the managers to keep on associated with the staff and categorize the issues which are the cause of employee dissatisfaction in the job. The organizational model basically explains the effective ways to treat the staff and how to deal with their issues in the office. In the models of organizational behavior, managers collect information related to strategies and policies and report about outcomes. According to Pinder (2014), system model of organizational b ehavior should be followed by the management of Wal-Mart by focusing on the needs and behavior of the employees within the workplace. System model There are basic five models in the organizational behavior and in this, system model is the most effective and capable model amongst all those five model. Based on this model, managers should focus on the team situation and believe the employees important in the organization in terms of priorities, goals, potentials and talents. So, this is the best way to encourage the employees towards their organizational goals. All the employees need positive work environment, job security and good remunerations. According to Pettinger (2013), system model is the like a partnership between managers and employees of the organization so that organizational goals can be achieved effectively (Pettinger, 2013). Figure 1: Organizational Behavior Model (Source: Montano Kasprzyk, 2015) Companies must focus on the welfare and benefits of the employees by the inventive actions. Various initiatives must taken by the managers to enhance the approach of the employees towards their job. Companies must follow the system model in order to give positive operational environment to the employees and establish emotional relations with them. Analysis The study reveals that employee dissatisfaction is the big issue affecting the organizational performance of the employees. Employee dissatisfaction is the aspect by which employees are unable to manage with the team mates and it is impacting their performance within the workplace. Based on the described case issue, employees in Wal-Mart are not getting pay based on their work. So they are not satisfied with the management of the company. Employees are not provoked enough to perform their job role effectively. So, it is crucial to address this issue in order to success and growth in the future as this issue is affecting the brand image of Wal-Mart in the retail market. There are some potential resolutions for the company to conquer from the issue (Montano Kasprzyk, 2015). Wal-Mart should adopt various methods in order to motivate the employees. It is important to increase the moral of the employees so that they can provide their best to attain the organizational goals. In order to run the business effectively in the market, management of the company should identify the basic needs of the employees. If the employees have undisciplined and rigid behavior then it will directly impact on the working environment of the company. For this manner, performance appraisal will be an effective way to satisfy the employees in their job. According to the Montano and Kasprzyk (2015), managers in the company should provide financial reimbursement to the employees in order to keep them motivated towards the work. Further, to management of Wal-Mart must focus on developing positive work environment for the workers so that they do feel motivated within the company. Implementing system model Wal-Mart should basically focus on the welfare and benefits of the employees within the workplace. Wal-Mart should follow the system model of the organizational behavior in order to keep the employees satisfied and provide the positive working environment. For implanting the system model in Wal-Mart, management of the company must focus on some crucial factors i.e. attitudes, emotions, personality and motivation of the employees. The system model can be applied in the company based on the key factors of the organizational behavior i.e. structure, people, technology, and business environment etc (Price, 2007). In the case of Wal-Mart, it is analyzed that there is the gap between among the employees and top management of the company due to the lack of interaction and communication. This is the reason of unsuccessful accomplishments of the organizational goals. So, it is crucial for Wal-Mart is to fill the identified communication gap by appealing the employees in the decision making pr ocess and giving opportunities to them to allocate their ideas and viewpoints for the successful business. Further, lack of motivation is another point which must be addressed by Wal-Mart in order to enhance the performance and productivity level of the employees (Wheelen Hunger, 2011). Setting goals In case of Wal-Mart, managers need to set effective goals and objectives in order to satisfy the basic needs of the employees and keep them motivated for their job roles. Setting organizational behavior objectives means that clarifying the ideas, focusing with the efforts, using resources and time and implementing the change in order to achieve the goals in terms of satisfying the employees (Carton Hofer, 2010). In case of Wal-Mart, there is the lack of motivation and satisfaction level among the employees and this is affecting the performance of the company in the industry. Along with this, brand image of the company is also affected due to this issue. So, management must take satisfy the employees by paying them based on their working hours. There should an assessable extent to examine the development of the company. In case of Wal-Mart, managers must have effective measurements in order to analyze the psychological needs of the employees while working with the company. Along with this, managers should also use performance review system in order to Wal-Mart is losing its image in the industry because of the lack of communication and interaction between employees and top management. The result is that top administration of the company is not able to identify the basic needs of the employees. By satisfying the employees in monetary terms, Wal-Mart will be able to make best use of resources ( Snell Bohlander, 2012). Employee involvement Success employee involvement needs the managers to maintain and initiate the process of involvement and provide access of resources to the employees. In case of Wal-Mart, there is the need to involve the employees in the business activities and identify their potentials. There is the need to involve the employees in the business operations in order to meet the objectives. It is identified that employees are not satisfied with the management of Wal-Mart so the managers must facilitate employee involvement in order to recognize the value of each individual, understand human motivations, assign people to positions and listening them carefully. For motivating the employees, there are some models related to human behaviors i.e. Maslows hierarchy of needs and McClellands more contemporary model to enhance motivation (Itika, 2011). Conclusion The overall report describes the major organizational behavior issue in Wal-Mart. From the above discussion, it is observed that there is not positive working environment in Wal-Mart for employees. The organizational policies have failed to motivate the employees in order to enhance the performance. This part provides some recommendations which will address the organizational issues and will be effective in solving the current issue. Management of Wal-Mart must focus on offering standard wages to the employees so that their psychological needs can be satisfied. The salary of the employees must be increased along with the economic status of the operating market. Two-way communication system must be developed in the company so that employees can express their ideas and viewpoints in the decision making process. The effective organizational culture should be developed in order to support innovation and provide sufficient growth opportunities. For enhancing the morale of the employee, gender equality must be promoted. To make it effective, Wal-Mart needs to design anti-discrimination policy and apply that effectively. At last, reward and recognition policy should be redesign by the company to encourage the employees in achieving excellence. References Aladwan, K., Bhanugopan, R. DNetto, B., (2015), The effects of human resource management practices on employees organizational commitment: International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 23(3), pp.472 492 Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., (2014), Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice, Kogan Page Publishers Arvinen-Muondo, R., and Perkins, S., (2013), Organizational behavior, London: Kogan Page between HR practices and firm performance: Examining causal order, Personnel Carton, R.B. and Hofer, C.W., (2010), Organizational financial performance: Identifying and testing multiple dimensions: Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 16(1), p.1. DuBrin, A.J., (2013), Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective, Elsevier French, R., and Schermerhorn, J., (2008), Organizational behavior, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Galliers, R.D. Leidner, D.E., (2014), Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems, Routledge Itika, J.S., (2011), Fundamentals of human resource management: emerging experiences from Africa: African Public Administration and Management series, 2, pp. 133-236 Lovelock, C., Wirtz, J. Chatterjee, J., (2011), Services marketing: people, technology and strategy, Delhi: Pearson Montano, D.E. Kasprzyk, D., (2015), Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model, Health behavior: Theory, research and practice Nicolini, D., (2012), Practice theory, work, and organization: An introduction, Oxford university press Pettinger, R., (2013), Organizational behaviour: Performance management in practice, Routledge Price, A. (2007), Human Resource Management in a Business Context, USA: Cengage Learning EMEA Psychology, 58, 409-446 Robbins, S., Judge, T.A., Millett, B. and Boyle, M., (2013), Organisational behavior, Pearson Higher Education AU Shurbagi, A.M., Zahari, I.B. (2012), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction in National Oil corporation of Libya: International Journal of Humanities and Applied sciences, 1(3), 88-93 Snell, S.A. Bohlander, G.W., (2012), Managing human resources, Boston: Cengage Learning Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D, (2011), Concepts in strategic management and business policy, Pearson Education India Wright, P. M., Gardner, T. M., Moynihan, L. M., Allen, M. R., (2005), The relationshi