Macro Economics - Research a country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macro Economics - Research a country - Essay Example The other neighbors of India that lie in the Indian Ocean are Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand and Indonesia. Discussion The Indian economy is the eleventh largest economy in the world in terms of nominal worth. The nominal worth of India has been estimated to be $1.75 trillion. The economy is also designated as the third ranked economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity. The country has witnessed an average GDP growth rate of 5.8% over the last twenty years with the average growth rate of the economy reaching to 6.1% in 2011-12. The backbone of the Indian economy is the agricultural sector supported by the huge labor force available in India. The size of the labor force in India is 486.6 million which is the second largest in the world. The economic reforms adopted by the country have seen the growth of the services sector in a rapid manner over the last twenty years. The agriculture sector now constitutes 18.1% of the GDP of India, the services sector constitutes 55.6% a nd the industrial sector comprises 26.3% of the GDP of the country. However, the country has GDP per capita of USD$448.91 which ranks 140th in the world. The political system in India has seen the emergence of coalition government formed over the last two decades with no single party being able to attain majority in forming the central government. There is diverse opinion between different states. However, in the best interest of the nation, the central government and states work hand in hand to implement the policies for economic growth. The economic reforms adopted by India to attain economic liberalization have seen growing investments in the education and heath sector (Mankiw, 2011). The infrastructure of the rural health and education has developed due to the strategic policies of the government thereby improving overall standard of living for the population. The share of India in world trade was 1.68% as on 2008. India has emerged as the nineteenth largest exporter and the ten th largest importer in the world as on 2011. The main industries that import goods in India are the crude oil, chemicals, fertilizers, gems and machineries. The major industries that export goods from India are leather, textile, jewellery, petroleum, engineering goods, etc. The average exports of India stand at USD$3703 and the average imports is USD$5463 as on 2013 (Trading Economics, 2013). The process of globalization has led to the inflow of huge volumes of foreign direct investments in the country. India has been able to develop progressive technologies that have laid the path of sustainable economic progress of the country. By attracting foreign investments, India has been able to catalyze the growth of industries and services that impacted the economic trends in a positive manner. The telecommunication industry is the fastest growing industry in India while the automobile industry is the second fastest growing industry in the world. This has led to the rise in the income leve l of the population that stimulated the economic demands followed by the growth of production volume and GDP growth in India. India has been in a relatively advantageous position in the world economy after the global financial crisis and meltdown (Allen, 1999). India’s share of overseas investments in US was limited due to which the country was far more insulated from the adverse impacts of the crisis. India has moved from strength to strength with central bank in India

Discuss the military campaigns and battles of Zachary Taylor in the Essay

Discuss the military campaigns and battles of Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War. How would you rate him as a commander What impact did the war have on Taylors career - Essay Example The Assault on Monterrey and Battle of Buena Vista are the other two military campaigns and battles by Taylor where he recorded notable success against the enemies. In the former, he was able to make Monterrey fall to American forces, and in the later battle, he oversaw the Mexicans withdrawing and essentially bringing to an end the northern Mexico fighting (Millett, Peter and William 206). I would rate Zachary Taylor as an accomplished and able commander. This view is informed by the fact that he was able to commandeer American forces during the Mexican War and ensured America’s victory in the War with the forces suffering fewer casualties compared to the enemy (Millett, Peter and William 231). Ultimately, after suffering enormous losses, Mexicans withdrew and the fighting in the northern Mexico ended. The war had significant impact on Taylor’s career; his victory enhanced his national reputation. After seeing the end to the conflict, he ventured into politics and easily defeated his main rival Lewis Cass in the 1848 presidential election (Roberts

The Electrostatic Energy Harvesting Engineering Essay

The Electrostatic Energy Harvesting Engineering Essay this paper presents a general idea of the electrostatic energy harvesting devices. Their working principle, harvesting method and basic designs will be expounded. And another two new approaches, 2D energy harvester and non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass will be shown. The 2D energy harvester can harvest energy in arbitrary directions in a plane. And non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass shows its low frequency capability. It can harvest 0.5 Â µW at 10Hz. Further improvement of this design may applied to energy harvesting from human body motion. Introduction Generally, batteries are the most reliable power source for electronic devices. It is powerful, easy to use. However, it can only provide constant power for a limited period. After that, the batteries have to be changed. Therefore, for those devices that have large amount of number or in inaccessible position. Batteries are not suitable for them. Energy harvesting devices are one of the attractive options of these applications. Energy harvesters can harvest energy from different ambient sources such as solar, thermal and vibration. In these cases, solar is not a reliable source, temperature gradients are modest, vibration seems the more abundant, stable and predictable choices. Currently, three major methods apply to vibration energy harvesting, electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric mechanisms. Each technique has its own advantages. Lot of articles did research and provided good conclusion on them. [1-3] Electrostatic energy harvesting device has the lowest energy harvesting capabilities in these three mechanisms, but it has the most specific advantages. It facilitates CMOS integration [4]. That means it can realize self-power integrated circuits as an on-chip power source. It also environment protects. Unlike piezoelectric and electromagnetic counterparts that require exotic materials. Electrostatic devices are mainly made of silicon.[5] This paper will focus on the current electrostatic harvesting research. Its working principle and harvesting processes will be discussed in the first part. Some new approaches will also be presented. electrostatic harvesting Operating Principle The electrostatic harvesters harness the work done against the electrostatic force of a variable capacitor. In other words, the vibrations cause the gap distance or overlap area of a parallel plate capacitor to vary under constant charge or voltage condition. This causes the capacitance change of parallel plate capacitor and produces electrical energy. The fundamental definition is given by the formula below. C=Q/V (1) Where C is capacitance of variable capacitor in farads, Q is the charge on the plate in coulombs and V is the voltage on the plates in volts C=ÃŽ µ (A/d) (2) Where A is the overlap area of the plates in and d is the distance between the plates in m. This equation shows the capacitance is proportional to A and inverse proportional to d. (3) E is the work done in joules. If the charge Q is held constant, then V will vary as C changes because of their inverse proportional relationship. Then from, the relation between voltage and capacitor energy is squared rather than linear. As a result, the work done will increase as the C decrease. That provides the harvested energy. Similar thing happens when the voltage V is held constant and Q varies. [1] They are known as the voltage-constrained method and charge-constrained method. [6] In the recent applications, the charge-constrained method is more popular over the voltage-constrained method as the voltage-constrained method requires an extra charge reservoir to keep the voltage in a constant value, while the charge-constrained method only requires one. [4] For charge constrained system, as shown in Figure 1 the energy conversion cycle starts as the variable capacitance reaches it maximum Cmax. The charging process is represented by the path from point A to Point B in figure 1. At point B, the energy stored can be shown as, (4) From point B to point C, an external charge reservoir is connected in order to keep the charge constant. The capacitance is starting decreasing as the overlap area A decreases or the distance between the plates d increases. The voltage is inverse proportional to the capacitance which is why the voltage increases in this period. This period is the actual mechanical to electrical conversion period. The energy stored at point C is now, (5) The path from point C to point A is the discharging of the charge on the variable capacitor back into the charge reservoir The whole process forms a proper energy conversion cycle. And the amount of energy gain is, (6) Usually there is a parallel capacitor is connected parallel with the variable capacitor in order to limit the maximum voltage that might damage the system during the harvesting. Then the energy equation is becoming, (7) Figure 1. Charge-constrained energy conversion cycle. B. Steps of energy harvesting The vibration cycle in an electrostatic energy harvester has three steps, pre-charge, harvest and reset. Figure 2. Figure 2. vibration cycle of electrostatic harvester. In the system, the variable capacitor is pre-charged to the battery voltage, and then the capacitor is connected to the battery. The circuit has no current flow at first since the capacitor and battery have same voltage level. But with the separation of the capacitor plates or the decreases of overlap area, the voltage increases with the decrease of capacitance. Charge therefore flows into the batteries and energy is harvested. When the capacitance reaches minimum value, the energy left in the capacitor will be driven back to the batteries and ready for the next cycle. C. Basic Designs These three mechanisms in the figure 3 are the three basic design structures of the electrostatic harvesters, in-plane overlap converter, in-plane gap-closing converter and out-of-plane gap-closing converter. The in-plane overlap converter varies its capacitance by changing the overlap area between comb fingers; the in-plane gap-closing converter varies its capacitance by change the displacement between comb fingers and the out-of-plane gap closing converter varies its capacitance by change the gap between the centre proof mass and two electrode plates. The most of the current designs of electrostatic harvesters are based on these three basic designs. Figure 3. (a) in-plane overlap converter. (b) in-plane gap-closing converter. (c) out-of-plane gap closing converter. D. Comparison in these three designs Ye Mei Lim[8] did a study on the output energy for these three designs. Firstly the in-plane overlap and in-plane gap closing converters were compared. The Cmax for the one set of comb fingers were 0.122pF and the Cmin can be treat as zero since the application of silicon nitride dielectric coating which is a very thin layer of chemical (up to 0.1Â µm) that can electrically isolate the electrodes even the plates contacts with each other[4]. While using the same set of comb fingers, the Cmax were 0.149nF and Cmin were 0.122pF. By applying equation (7), the in-plane overlap converter harvests 1000 times less than in-plane gap closing converter. Then with the simulation of both in-plane gap closing converter and out-of-plane gap closing converter. The results were found out that the in-plane gap closing mechanism is approximately 1.8 times that of the out-of-plane gap closing mechanism for load volumes between 5 and 50. NEW APPRAOCHES A. 2D Electrostatic Harvester Most of the past electrostatic harvesters are only one degree of freedom. They can only harvest energy via one direction of motion. Y. Zhu fabricates a 2 degree of freedom electrostatic transducer for energy harvesting with resonance frequencies of 38520 Hz and 38725 Hz. It can scavenge energy in arbitrary directions in a plane with two resonance frequency peaks. Also an ultrasound-based method for powering the device is presented. Y. Zhus design includes a 2 degree of freedom motion mechanism. The seismic mass is coupled with both frames as shown in figure 3 with elastic flexures. This design makes the device be able to detect both movements in X and Y frames and also decouples the X and Y movements of the mass. Figure 4. Two degree of freedom motion mechanism to harvest any direction in-plane vibration energy Figure 5 shows the SEM image of the 2-DOF electrostatic transducer. And table I are the key parameters of this design. The width difference of X frame and Y frame gives the transducer two different resonance frequencies. The primary resonance frequency at 39238 Hz and second at 39266 Hz. That gives a 302 Hz of -10dB bandwidth. It is twice of the 1D resonator. This device can obtain 10mV through a 1M ohm resistive load and harvest 0.1 nW power. Since this transducer can be power by an ultrasonic generator of frequency close to its resonance frequency. Since the ultrasonic is relatively safer than other power sources. This design may be useful for functions in medical environment. Figure 5. SEM image of the 2-DOF electrostatic transducer. Table 1. key parameter of the 2-DOF energy harvester B. Non-Resonant electrostatic harvester with rolling mass M.E.Kiziroglous design [10-11] focuses on maximizing the proof mass. In this design, an external free rolling proof mass is introduced. The mechanical energy is proportional to the proof mass, bigger mass generates more energy. This design is a non-resonant device. This property gives it wider applications. Figure 6. (a) Device structure. (b) Equivalent circuit of the device The Device structure is shown in figure 6(a). Figure (b) is the equivalent circuit of the device. The stainless steel rod acts as the contact switches and comb finger. When the steel rod is aligned with one of the strip electrodes, it connects with a Cu input Contacts to pre-charge the rod. That generates an electrostatic force between the rod and the strip electrode. That pulls the rod away from the strip electrode and reduces the capacitance at constant charge. The rod then disconnects with the input contact and makes the contact with a discharge electrode. The energy will be transferred as a high voltage pulse. The test of the current prototype of this device reveals a capacitance ratio of 4 and demonstrates a voltage gain of 2.4. Later Kiziroglou provides an advanced design of that [12]. This time the glass substrate is form in a cylindrical shape. Figure 7 is fabrication and optical images of the device. The first prototype is characterised with plate size 1 x 10 mm and SiO2 dielectric thickness of 50 nm. A 10 mm-long, 2.5 mm-diameter steel rod was used. A minimum capacitance of 2 pF and a maximum of 9 pF are observed. The voltage gain is 3 corresponds to a priming voltage 30V. The power generation is 0.5Â µW when the rod oscillation frequency at 10 Hz. The biggest advantage of this device is the capability of low frequency. That makes the human body motion as a suitable motion sources for it. Figure 7. Fabrication and optical images conclusion The focus of this paper is to present the general idea current achievement of electrostatic energy harvesting. And it gives a related reference for the group project. For most of the electrostatic harvester designs, a relatively high resonant frequency comparing with human body motion is need. However, the low frequency capability of the non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass shows the possibility of the application of this technology in the projects. Additionally, most of the current devices only have one degree of freedom. The 2D energy harvester design can harvest arbitrary directions motion in a plane, which sufficiently increases the power output of device. However, it needs a high frequency. That makes it not suitable for the requirement of the project.

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Essay -- Essays Papers

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame â€Å"Love is a universal language.† This popular quote from many movies and literary works describes the importance of love, and how there are no limits or barriers when dealing with love. Many people cannot even help whether or not they fall in love. There are many types of love and they need not be between members of opposite sexes. In Victor Hugo's novel, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Quasimodo's love for Esmerelda is not as strong as his different sense of love for the Archdeacon, Claude Frollo. Quasimodo loves each person in a different manner, but is truer to the Archdeacon. The hunchback feels, among other things, a love described as Eros for the Mistress Esmerelda; whereas, for the Archdeacon the love he feels is known as Philia. While Quasimodo is drawn to Esmerelda by her inner beauty and personal qualities, he admires the Archdeacon for his powerful position in the social structure of the town. Throughout the story, Quasimodo does his best to protect Esmerelda. Contrarily, he is protected by the Archdeacon. There are four types of love, only one of which involves a man's physical love for a woman and vice versa. This type of love is known as Eros. It is defined as a relationship in which two parties are physically attracted to one another. Esmerelda, the gypsy, is quite beautiful. She dances in the midst of a crowd near a bonfire: â€Å"All eyes were fixed on her, all mouths hung open. As she danced to the rhythm of the tambourine which her round, delicate arms held over her head, she seemed to be some sort of supernatural creature(p.22). Quasimodo is taken by her loveliness just like most other men. However, because he is deformed and hideous, Quasimodo's physical attraction to the Mistress is unrequited. Nevertheless, this attraction is uncontrollable. Although he never acts upon his urges nor openly displays his affection, the hunchback feels the type of love called Eros for Esmerelda. Accordingly, he feels a different kind of love for the Archdeacon: Philia. Just as Eros as love stems from physical factors, Philia is a result of external factors. The Archdeacon is a man of God. He is considered the religious authority in Paris. Quasimodo resides in the Notre Dame Cathedral. He takes a great interest in God, and apparently shares this interest with the Arc... ... priest's company and leadership. Quasimodo continues to show gratitude by obeying every command given to him by the Archdeacon. When the Archdeacon decides that Esmerelda should hang, even though Quasimodo loves her he could not defy the priest's command: he sat quietly by and awaited the hanging. It is clear that this love stems from the protection of the Archdeacon through Quasimodo's early years of life. This also exposes the fact that Quasimodo's respect and obedience to the Archdeacon outweighs his feelings for Esmerelda. Throughout the story by Victor Hugo, Quasimodo shows love to both Esmerelda, a beautiful gypsy, and to Claude Frollo, the Archdeacon that took the hunchback into his custody. Two types of love displayed are Eros, to the Mistress, and Philia, toward Frollo. Quasimodo's protection of Esmerelda is seen inversely through his relationship with the Archdeacon. The Archdeacon and Esmerelda have diverse qualities that evoke separate types of love from Quasimodo. In the end, the bell ringer's relationship with Frollo supercedes his emotions towards the Mistress. The Philial and brotherly love triumphs over unrequited erotic love.

Equality and Diversity Pttls

and Discuss issues of equality and diversity and ways to promote inclusion with your learners. Review other points of referral available to meet the potential needs of learners. To fully understand the above we really need to understand the terms. Equality means to be equal before law and without any discrimination. This is particularly important to minorities and to the poor. Through equality every one has the right to fair choices. Diversity is used to describe political entities who have identifiable differences in their background and lifestyles including ethnic minorities. Inclusion means to meet your learners needs, which some may have more than others. These needs should be appropriately met to enable full participation in the classroom. The main issue related to equality and diversity would be exclusion. If the tutor does not meet the needs for those with a different background then it can often end with the student feeling not only left out but to feel neglected and can lead to missed lessons and also feeling that they don’t belong their. The tutor should be committed to providing equal opportunities for each of his/her students. You should demonstrate your commitment to equal opportunities through everything you say and do in your work with adult students. †Ã‚   (1993:13). Promotion of equality within the classroom is not only an expectation but a requirement by law. ‘All students must feel that they are positively and equally valued and accepted, and that their efforts to learn are recognised, and judged without bias. It is not enough that they are tolerated. They must feel that they, and the groups to which they belong (e. g. ender, social-class or attainment groups) are fully and equally accepted and valued by you, and the establishment in which you work’. Petty (1998:69) To promote inclusion within your classroom you will need to respond positively to the diverse needs of your learners. How you communicate with your learners is essential ensuring learners can understand what you are saying. Ensuring body language and comments are appropriate and are no offensive. Teaching methods are also important and you will need to make sure that your methods are varied and support all learning styles. Ensuring your learners can all participate is also important, therefore not excluding any of them. Allowing your learners to establish working relationships effectively, ensuring everyone is included and that the room is accessible and safe for people with sensory disabilities or lack of mobility. Additional support may be required to enable you to support equality and diversity this could be in the form of a learning support assistant, adapted resources, peer support, varied presentation. Although inclusion is about supporting your learners needs, it may not always be possible to do this without support for yourself. You should be aware of your limits of responsibility and know when and where to access support for both you and your learners. If you have a line manager then they should be your first point of contact. Your colleagues may be another point as they may have experienced something similar. It is your responsibility to find out what support is available for you. Supporting Equality and Diversity is extremely important and is also a legal requirement. When planning your lessons you should be taking this into account and structuring your lessons appropriately. If you are unsure you should be aware of your limits and seek advice from your line manager. If you don’t have a line manager you will need to get advice on who you should be asking for help and support. Petty G (1998), Teaching Today, United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes. Daines, Daines and Graham (1993) Adult learning, adult teaching United Kingdom:Dept. of Adult Education, University of Nottingham

The Worlds Population Is Increasing

The World’s Population is increasing, but not evenly all over the world Aim: To find how the average line of latitude for the world’s largest cities has changed since 1950. Hypothesis: In the earlier years, the cities with the highest populations will be in HICs because these countries would have been the most developed, and these countries would have also been in the ‘rich north’. Introduction: As the world continues to develop, populations continue to increase as well. However, the populations of each country do not grow at the same rate.Some populations are rapidly increasing, whereas some country’s populations are barely increasing. The point of this investigation was to collect data for the top 10 most populated cities in 1950, 2000 and 2012. After this was done, the data could then be plotted onto a map, and trend lines could be drawn which then allowed us to discover patterns. Method: 1. Collect data (preferably from the same source) of the to p ten biggest cities in 1950, 2000 and 2012. 2. Plot all of this data onto a map. Make sure all of the data for each country is plotted in a different color. . Write the rank and the population under each city, and make sure you round the population to one decimal place. 4. Once all of the data has been plotted, using the same color for each year, plot a line of best fit between all of the points. Your line should be horizontal, and completely straight. 5. After you have plotted 3 lines, examine all patterns, and record them. Analysis: After analyzing the data, some patterns were discovered. In 1950, the top ten most populated cities were as an average, in the rich north. There were wo cities in North America, and 4 cities in Europe. Most of these cities were in High Income Countries. The most populated city with 12. 5 million people was New York City. In 2000, most of the cities were in the ‘poor south’. There were only 2 cities (both in the USA) that weren’t in the south. All of the other cities were in LICs and MICs. In 2012, New York (which is the 4th most populated city) is the only city in the North. All of the other cities are in India, and East Asia. However, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and New York city are the only exceptions.Most of these cities are in LIC and MICs. Conclusion: After completing our investigation, it can be concluded that in 1950, almost all of the cities were in the rich north and were in MICs and HICs. Buenos Aires, Calcutta, Shanghai and Tokyo were the only cities that were in the ‘poor south’. In this period, these countries were beginning to start developing. In 2000, the average line where most of the cities were was a little north of Cuba. Most of the cities could be found in East Asia and South America, most of them in MICs and LIC’s.In 2012 the average line then moved north again, bisecting South Carolina. 7 of the 10 cities were in the Eastern Hemisphere in the poor South. Only Mexico City , Sao Paulo and New York City were in the eastern hemisphere. Most of the cities with the highest populations are in MIC’s or LIC’s. This could be because many people work in these cities, for example in Tokyo, however a more realistic answer would have to do with the rate of development. These cities that these countries are in are rapidly developing, and more and more people are migrating into the city to work.Evaluation: We could have altered this investigation to make our data, and maps more organized and presentable. For example we should have had all of the populations on one point, with the year and the population next to it. This would have saved a lot of space on our map, and made it more organized. All of our data should have been collected from the same website. All of the data were only estimates. Therefore, we should have used the same people who made the estimates for 1950 and 2000, however it was very hard to find this.

Free Essays on Barbie

Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto... Free Essays on Barbie Free Essays on Barbie Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto...

Free Essays on Treatment Of Indigenous People

Many reasons were given to justify what was done to the indigenous groups of America during the age of colonization and discovery. There is no real way to now know which reasons were the real reasons and which ones were just rationalizations. Christianity was used almost as an excuse for their actions and in reality was forced upon the Indians who at the time already had their own religious belief systems. Spain and Portugal, being as extreme in their Catholicism as they were, strongly believed in â€Å"white man’s burden† to find new souls that needed to be saved even if it meant the destruction and enslavement of entire civilizations. As religious as they were, it was not their primary goal to convert the â€Å"savages† to Christianity, but to justify their mercantilism with a higher, moral, and divine goal. The main motives for the Portuguese and Spanish exploration and colonization were predominantly economic, such as finding new territories for resources an d raw materials, new labor to cultivate these resources, and somebody to sell the finished products to. A cycle that benefits the motherland but diminishes the colonies. By the mid-fifteenth century most of the European countries developed a system of mercantilism that could only exist if a country had a favorable balance of trade. Since there was no way for two or more mercantilist countries to trade with each other while retaining the purpose of keeping their goods within their own country, many of these countries had to look for new markets somewhere else. Many countries promoted expeditions set to find new lands where they were yet unaware of mercantilism. Spain and Portugal were among the first ones to expand their influence beyond charted territories. The two countries even had a dispute over where each country had the power to establish colonies. Pope Alexander VI, a highly regarded figure in both Catholic countries, with the Treaty of Tordesillas, easily settled th... Free Essays on Treatment Of Indigenous People Free Essays on Treatment Of Indigenous People Many reasons were given to justify what was done to the indigenous groups of America during the age of colonization and discovery. There is no real way to now know which reasons were the real reasons and which ones were just rationalizations. Christianity was used almost as an excuse for their actions and in reality was forced upon the Indians who at the time already had their own religious belief systems. Spain and Portugal, being as extreme in their Catholicism as they were, strongly believed in â€Å"white man’s burden† to find new souls that needed to be saved even if it meant the destruction and enslavement of entire civilizations. As religious as they were, it was not their primary goal to convert the â€Å"savages† to Christianity, but to justify their mercantilism with a higher, moral, and divine goal. The main motives for the Portuguese and Spanish exploration and colonization were predominantly economic, such as finding new territories for resources an d raw materials, new labor to cultivate these resources, and somebody to sell the finished products to. A cycle that benefits the motherland but diminishes the colonies. By the mid-fifteenth century most of the European countries developed a system of mercantilism that could only exist if a country had a favorable balance of trade. Since there was no way for two or more mercantilist countries to trade with each other while retaining the purpose of keeping their goods within their own country, many of these countries had to look for new markets somewhere else. Many countries promoted expeditions set to find new lands where they were yet unaware of mercantilism. Spain and Portugal were among the first ones to expand their influence beyond charted territories. The two countries even had a dispute over where each country had the power to establish colonies. Pope Alexander VI, a highly regarded figure in both Catholic countries, with the Treaty of Tordesillas, easily settled th...

A Comparison and Contrast Essay about Psychosis vs Neurosis

Brain disorders are commonly misunderstood due to the actions of the person living with it. Knowledge about brain disorders or mental illness should lessen the misunderstanding of the disorder, and increase the support for the people suffering with the disorder. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a mental disorder is a mental or behavioural pattern or anomaly that causes distress or disability, and which is not developmentally or socially normative. Mental disorders are generally defined by how a person feel, acts, thinks or perceives. I will be discussing two mental disorders in which, they are often misunderstood as the same. This essay is about Psychosis vs. Neurosis. Both mental disorders cause the person suffering from it some distress and their behaviour is not socially acceptable. Both disorders are mostly diagnosed based on the harm they caused. When these disorders become severe, it is difficult for people with these mental disorders or illness to carry out daily activities and do some social interaction. Psychosis however is a mental condition which is referred to as â€Å"a loss of contact with reality. † People suffering from this type of mental illness are called Psychotic. The symptoms of people with psychosis are suffering from hallucinations, delusions, catatonia or thought disorder. The psychosis of a person is usually triggered by a history of a traumatic event, and stress. Stress triggers a short-lived psychosis called brief reactive psychosis and people suffering from this usually recovers to their normal state within two weeks. In some cases, a full-blown psychosis could last a long time, and maybe have attenuated psychotic symptom (such as low intensity hallucinations) present at most times. Brief hallucinations are triggered by falling asleep and then waking, bereavement (hallucinations of a dead loved one) severe sleep deprivation, caffeine intoxication, and an extremely stressful event. There are also subtypes of psychosis. These are menstrual psychosis (in rhythm with menstrual cycle), postpartum psychosis (which happens after childbirth), monothematic delusions, occupational psychosis, stimulant psychosis and shared psychosis. Neurosis, on the other hand, is a mental disorder involving distress, but people who are neurotic are not suffering from hallucinations or delusions. Signs of people suffering from neurosis have anxiety, sadness or depression, anger, irritability , mental confusion, and low sense of self-worth. There are also behavioural symptoms such as phobic avoidance, vigilance, impulsive and compulsive acts. There are cognitive problems such as obsession, disturbing thoughts, habitual fantasizing, negativity, cynicism, etc. There are many forms of neurosis. These are: obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety neurosis, personality disorders, hysteria, and an endless variety of phobias. Neurosis is simply defined as a â€Å"poor ability to adapt to one’s environment, an inability to change one’s life patterns, and the inability to develop a richer, more complex, more satisfying personality. † According to Carl Jung, â€Å"people became neurotic when they content themselves with inadequate or wrong answers to the questions of life. † He said that the unconscious finds expression primarily through an individual’s inferior psychological function, whether it is feeling, thinking, sensing, or intuition. For me, psychosis and neurosis are very different yet similar. The behaviour of psychotic and neurotic people are both not accepted or understood by the society. People with less knowledge about these illnesses often has a negative perception on people suffering with psychosis and neurosis.

Urban Growth Policy within your Community Research Paper

Urban Growth Policy within your Community - Research Paper Example Development of good policies to govern cities would ensure a strategic and conducive business environment, better infrastructural services to the residence and better standards of living to the residents. The relationship between the policy makers and the residence of different cities fluctuates depending on the policies, government development and behavior. The urban policies in the cities are aimed at ensuring job creation and housing to the residence, this is achieved through an urban based development policy from the federal government. Policies are made in such a way that employers in the urban areas do not suffer (Gottlieb, 2007). This done by ensuring that they benefit from the incentives based on their places of business. The urban policies have ensured that important facilities such as the places for markets, cultural centers and other important facilities are integrated in specific locations so as to maximize the use of space and ensure creativity within the cities. Though development advancement as well as the management of public properties in the cities has proved to be crucial to its economic prosperity, the vulnerable groups in the society face a stiff challenge in copi ng with these policies. This is basically attributed by the urban policies that privatized public properties thus criminating them when these policies are applied. Sprawl growth The urban Sprawl is attracted by the opportunities in the markets, therefore making it difficult it difficult to be controlled by a single city policy. Control of the Sprawl growth is both a responsibility of the local and the federal government. The coordination between the rural and the urban authorities should be enhanced to ensure that pressure on land use meant for development of industries does not encourage development of Sprawls. Los Angeles is one of the cities that have embraced smart growth at the expense of Sprawl growth with the aim of a future sustainability (Gottlieb, 2007). Los Angeles Land Use Policy The strategic position of Los Angeles city makes it one of the most important international trade centers. The market forces and the policies governing land are some of challenges that the indus trial development in the city face. The market trends and policies governing the public properties are regionally and nationally influenced. Some policies and business activities in the port of Los Angeles may not be handled by the city. However continuous conversion of industrial land to residential places has prompted the city’s policy makers to develop policies that would protect industrial Land from being depleted. Citing from the city policy on land use, the city would be able to handle the trend of unemployment and low standards of living by developing industries that would sustain the residents. The policy is aimed at developing criteria of limiting the construction of residential areas at the expense of industrialization. The policy also aims at preserving and increasing the number of jobs in the city by attracting and increasing investments in the industrial sector through the land use policy. From statistics, the city added over a million new residents and in a span of twenty five years, contrary to this over 50, 000 jobs were lost (Estolano, 2008). Development of real estates was the major driving force towards the high population increase with less concern in job creation.

Social Costs of Ethanol Production Research Proposal

Social Costs of Ethanol Production - Research Proposal Example Experiments prove that ethanol results in lesser pollution risk to potable water. (Ethanol As A transportation Fuel, n.d.) However, in spite of so many advantages, ethanol production has some global implications, too. The shift towards biofuels is a threat to forests and biodiversity, the increase in food prices, along with the competition for water resources as a negative impact of the use of biofuels. Therefore, a research can be designed that can assess the consumer awareness in USA and the people's attitude towards the social cost of ethanol production. In order to do any research, one needs to develop research methods. It comprises a variety of planned and scientific techniques that are value neutral. It is designed to maximise the accuracy of results. First and foremost thing required for an effective research is a proper representative of the researched population through effective sampling, in order to ensure that it is the proper representation of the population under study. (What Are Research Methods, April 2008) Methodology also involves what type of information and data to gather, and the choice of information along with other methodological choices. The proposed research is an inductive one, where generalisation can be made based on the response of the sample. It is also going to be a cross sectional survey, where the response of population would be made on a single time frame. (What is Methodology, n.d.) The proposed research is based on questionnaire and interview that will help in the proper response. The research is intended to measure awareness amongst a group of people from varying educational background, age, income, household location, gender, etc. Before commencing on the final research, a pilot study is intended to eradicate any flaws in the questionnaire, interview techniques or variable selection. Sampling The population being Unites States of America, sample should be designed such that there is proper representation from all regions. So, it is better to stratify the population so that every region is represented through the sample. However, it is not feasible to represent each and every state in the sampling frame, therefore, it is better to choose thousand people from the most populated states of USA. The respondents will be chosen from the registered voters, according to the variables used in the research. The type of sampling that will be effective is area random sampling or cluster sampling. First the population will be divided into clusters representing each geographical boundary. Then, the randomly clusters will be selected accordingly, in order to measure all the units within the sampled clusters. Once this is selected, the sample will be interviewed on the basis of the questionnaire, and if it is not possible to interview, they will me mailed the questionnaire, which they will fill up and data will be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, based on the answers. (Probability Sampling, October 2006) Variables For sample selection, a number of variables will be used. The first variable for data analysis is the gender, whether male or female, age and travel patterns. Age will categorised as 18-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and above 80 years of age. The traveling pattern

Beijing National Stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beijing National Stadium - Essay Example The team of contractors of the project included the Swiss Architecture Firm Herzog and De Meuron, artist designer Ai Wei Wei, Chief Architect Stefan Merbach, and CADG leader Chief Architect Li Xinggang. The collaboration of both the European and Asian authorities in the project made it possible for the designation of the style and function of the Beijing National Stadium to stand as the newest and most innovative architectural structure in the world today. Because of the fact that the Olympic Games is a worldwide event that would be eyed by the entire human society around the globe, the officials had to make sure that they are to create something that would be a stunning landmark that could host a massive population of viewers and athletes during the most awaited and most prestigious month-long celebration of physical strength among all the nationalities around the world. They had to make sure that it would not simply be an area for sports but also a space for international camarader ie. Architecture in this state of pressure shall be subjected to the need of creating a structure that could be a wonder to the eye while serving the primary function that it is made for (Ruskin, 1989: 78). It is also certain that the officials of the construction needed to make sure that the design of the building would make the huge structure an icon of modern world architecture. It is undeniable that China has been noted for its well-engineered structures that are highly functional that are also treated as primary tourist spots in the country. One of which is that of the Great Wall of China that was primarily built to protect the country from Mongolian invaders during the 5th Century BC onwards and today, the said structure stands tall as the only man-made structure visible in space (Rondanini, 1999: 67). Another overwhelming building created and situated in

The Myth of Bermuda Triangle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Myth of Bermuda Triangle - Essay Example As the paper outlines, no US government file has identified the location of Bermuda Triangle or for that matter, the Board of Geographic Names; still the name is synonymous with the mystery as a number of ships have disappeared, as is acclaimed without providing any logic behind their disappearance. Let’s focus on the geographical positioning of the Bermuda Triangle, which is considered to be off the Southeastern coast of the United States in the Atlantic Ocean, with its vertices touching Bermuda, Miami, Florida, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, roughly grounded in 500,000 square miles (Obringer, 2012). The adjective ‘Devil’ was associated with Bermuda because once Bermuda was called, â€Å"the Isle of Devils.† It is because the reefs surrounding the area are quite tricky to the sailing ships, resulting in the wreckage of sailing ships. An object becomes a mystery when the logic behind extra-ordinary happening near that object is not cross-checked, and rumors tak e a full circle, thus, making people believe in the reality of such rumors. The same is the case with the Bermuda Triangle where, it is stated that not only ships but aircraft also disappear while hovering over the mysterious region, called Bermuda Triangle. Actually, reports of sinking ships have not been authenticated by some government body, such as the U.S. Coast Guard, which finds nothing particular in the number of ships meeting with accidents in the region. It seems that the media have used the incidents of missing ships as a ploy or cheap propaganda to boost their magazines’ sale. A deeper analysis of the past happenings leads to believe that imagination was allowed to flutter its wings in the air freely, as no serious attempt was made to halt the propaganda. Ship accidents surrounding the Bermuda region have been linked to alien abductions or giant octopus, but research on marine accidents by Norman Hooke for Lloyd’s Maritime Information Services rejects the e xistence of any such mystery over the Bermuda Triangle. Any accidents caused were related to bad weather conditions only. Further research has also proved that some major casualties had taken place, but these occurred far away from the stated Bermuda Triangle (Obringer, 2012). The scientific evidence based on computer-aided research of ocean floors revealing that huge methane gas explosions had been taking place under the sea-bed, specifically over the Bermuda Triangle region seem to be more convincing, but more evidence is required to believe in the scientific theory of the sudden eruption of methane gas in the form of a mega-bubble, not only swamping ships but projecting upward in the air, also engulfing airplanes (Cat, 2010). The scientific base of the methane gas bubble is that when a ship comes in the contact of the methane mega-bubble, the ship becomes devoid of all buoyancy and goes sinking to the bottom of the ocean. If the circumference of the bubbles is large enough and it is sufficient in density, the methane bubble can also force an aircraft to dive to the bottom of the sea without creating a system alert? The possible explanations that aircraft engulfed in the methane bubble stops the engine, and-perhaps inflames the methane around, causing instant loss of flight, as the airplane dives into the ocean. The scientific explanation of the mystery surrounding Bermuda Triangle seems to be doubtful in the absence of any reliable reports of ships and airplanes almost engulfed by such a bubble.  

Case Studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Studies - Case Study Example From this perspective the sample should be dependant on the quantity of people entering the store but if we were to select one out of every five people that would represent twenty percent of overall entrants into the store. The method of determining information from the customers would be an in person survey with close ended questions. In situation #2 it is my recommendation that the airline should use a convenience sampling method. The means by which we should select the sample would have to be proportionally representative insofar as we and not only looking for people who would typically fly in airplanes but they must also be university students. Finally the sample size should be restricted by the overall budget. If the cost is $75 per student we would need to determine how many people we can interview based on the overall budget is $7,500 than the number of interviewees would be 100. However the number should ensure that the confidence level is larger than 95%. In situation #3 the type of sample that should be utilized is a systematic sampling method in which every nth person is chosen at a predetermined point in the city. The method of choosing the sample should be along the lines of every fourth or fifth tourist that they encounter.

Beijing National Stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beijing National Stadium - Essay Example The team of contractors of the project included the Swiss Architecture Firm Herzog and De Meuron, artist designer Ai Wei Wei, Chief Architect Stefan Merbach, and CADG leader Chief Architect Li Xinggang. The collaboration of both the European and Asian authorities in the project made it possible for the designation of the style and function of the Beijing National Stadium to stand as the newest and most innovative architectural structure in the world today. Because of the fact that the Olympic Games is a worldwide event that would be eyed by the entire human society around the globe, the officials had to make sure that they are to create something that would be a stunning landmark that could host a massive population of viewers and athletes during the most awaited and most prestigious month-long celebration of physical strength among all the nationalities around the world. They had to make sure that it would not simply be an area for sports but also a space for international camarader ie. Architecture in this state of pressure shall be subjected to the need of creating a structure that could be a wonder to the eye while serving the primary function that it is made for (Ruskin, 1989: 78). It is also certain that the officials of the construction needed to make sure that the design of the building would make the huge structure an icon of modern world architecture. It is undeniable that China has been noted for its well-engineered structures that are highly functional that are also treated as primary tourist spots in the country. One of which is that of the Great Wall of China that was primarily built to protect the country from Mongolian invaders during the 5th Century BC onwards and today, the said structure stands tall as the only man-made structure visible in space (Rondanini, 1999: 67). Another overwhelming building created and situated in

Case Studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Studies - Case Study Example From this perspective the sample should be dependant on the quantity of people entering the store but if we were to select one out of every five people that would represent twenty percent of overall entrants into the store. The method of determining information from the customers would be an in person survey with close ended questions. In situation #2 it is my recommendation that the airline should use a convenience sampling method. The means by which we should select the sample would have to be proportionally representative insofar as we and not only looking for people who would typically fly in airplanes but they must also be university students. Finally the sample size should be restricted by the overall budget. If the cost is $75 per student we would need to determine how many people we can interview based on the overall budget is $7,500 than the number of interviewees would be 100. However the number should ensure that the confidence level is larger than 95%. In situation #3 the type of sample that should be utilized is a systematic sampling method in which every nth person is chosen at a predetermined point in the city. The method of choosing the sample should be along the lines of every fourth or fifth tourist that they encounter.

Philippine National Bank (PNB) Essay Example for Free

Philippine National Bank (PNB) Essay Facts: The petitioners, Spouses Esmeraldo and Elizabeth Suico, obtained a loan from the Philippine National Bank (PNB) secured by a real estate mortgage on real properties in the name of the former. The petitioners were unable to pay their obligation prompting the PNB to extrajudicially foreclose the mortgage over the subject properties. Subsequently, the petitioners file a Complaint against the PNB before the RTC for Declaration of Nullity of Extrajudicial Foreclosure of Mortgage. The Complaint alleged that PNB filed a petition with the Office of Manadaue City Sheriff for extrajudicial foreclosure on the petitioner’s properties for an outstanding loan obligation amounting to P 1,991,770. 38. During the foreclosure sale, the petitioners claimed that PNB, as the lone bidder offered a bid amounting to P8, 511,000.00. By the virtue of the said bid, a Certificate of Sale of the subject properties was issued. PNB did not pay to the Sheriff who conducted the auction sale the amount of its bid which was P 8,511,000.00 or give an accounting of how said amount was applied against petitioners’ outstanding loan amounted only to P 1,991,770.38. Since the amount grossly exceeded the amount of the petitioners’ obligation, it is the legal duty of the winning bidder, PNB to deliver to the Sheriff the bid price or what was left thereof after deducting the amount of petitioners’ obligation. PNB failed to deliver the amount of their bid to the Sheriff or the amount of such bid excess. After a year, the issuance of the Certificate of Sale, PNB secured a Certificate of Final Sale and as a result, PNB transferred registration of all the subject properties to its name. Due to the failure of PNB to deliver to the petitioners the amount of its bid or even just the amount in excess of petitioners’ obligation, the latter averred that the extrajudicial foreclosure of the said properties and the Certificate of Sale and the Certificate of Finality of Sale, issued by the Sheriff, in favor of PNB, were null and void. PNB disputed petitioners’ factual narration and asserted that petitioners had other loans, which had likewise become due. The outstanding balance of P 1,991,770.38 was exclusive of attorney’s fees and other related obligations. PNB maintained that the petitioners’ outstanding obligation was already beyond the bid price of P8, 511,00.00. The RTC rendered its decision in favor of the petitioners. It reasoned that given that petitioners had other loan obligations which had not yet matured but became due by the date of the auction sale, does not justify the shortcut taken by PNB and will not excuse it from paying to the Sheriff the excess bid in the foreclosure sale. To allow PNB to do so would constitute fraud, for not only is the filing fee in the said foreclosure inadequate but, worse, constitutes a misrepresentation regarding the amount of the indebtedness to be paid in the foreclosure sale posted and published in the notice of sale. The CA reversed and set aside the decision of RTC. It held that even assuming that indeed there was a surplus and the [PNB] is retaining more than the proceeds of the sale than it is entitled, this fact alone will not affect the validity of the sale but simply gives the petitioners a cause of action to recover such surplus. Failure to remit the surplus is not tantamount to a non-compliance of statutory requisites that could constitute a jurisdictional defect invalidating the sale. Issue: Whether or not the extrajudicial foreclosure of the mortgage constituted on the subject properties is null and void. Whether or not should PNB deliver the excess bid in the foreclosure sale. Held: The petitioners argue that since the Notice of Sheriff’s Sale stated that their obligation was only P1, 991,770.38 and PNB bided P8, 551,000.00, the said Notice as well as the consequent sale of the subject properties were null and void. The Court held that the statutory provisions governing publication of notice of mortgage foreclosure sales must be strictly complied with, and that even slight deviations therefrom will invalidate the notice and render the sale at least voidable. Nonetheless, we must not also lose sight of the fact that the purpose of the publication of the Notice of Sheriff’s Sale is to inform all interested parties of the date, time and place of the foreclosure sale of the real property subject thereof. Logically, this not only requires that the correct date, time and place of the foreclosure sale appear in the notice, but also that any and all interested parties be able to determine that what is about to be sold at the foreclosure sale is the real pr operty in which they have an interest. The Court disagree with the finding of RTC behind the Notice of Sheriff’s Sale that the discrepancy between the amount of petitioners’ obligation as reflected in the Notice of Sale and the amount actually due and collected from the petitioners at the time of the auction sale constitute fraud which renders the extrajudicial foreclosure sale null and void. Notices are given for the purpose of securing bidders and to prevent a sacrifice of the property. If these objects are attained, immaterial errors and mistakes will not affect the sufficiency of the notice; but if mistakes or omissions occur in the notices of sale, which are calculated to deter or mislead bidders, to depreciate the value of the property, or to prevent it from bringing a fair price, such mistakes or omissions will be fatal to the validity of the notice, and also to the sale made pursuant thereto. Thus, we are of the view that the Notice of Sale in this case is valid. With regards to the delivery of the excess bid in the foreclosure sale, the Court said that under Rule 68, Sec. 4 of the Rules of Court, the disposition of the proceeds of the sale in the foreclosure shall be as follows: (a) first, pay the costs, (b) secondly, pay off the mortgage debt, (c) thirdly, pay the junior encumbrancers, if any in the order of priority, (d) fourthly, give the balance to the mortgagor, his agent or the person entitled to it. The application of the proceeds from the sale of the mortgaged property to the mortgagor’s obligation is an act of payment, not payment by dacion; hence, it is the mortgagee’s duty to return any surplus in the selling price to the mortgagor. Perforce, a mortgagee who exercises the power of sale contained in a mortgage is considered a custodian of the fund and, being bound to apply it properly, is liable to the persons entitled thereto if he fails to do so. Thus, the fact that the mortgagee is retaining more of the proceeds than he is entitled into does not affect the validity of the sale but simply give the mortgagor a cause of action to recover the surplus. In this case, given that the Statement of Account from PNB, being the only existing documentary evidence to support its claim, shows that petitioners’ loan obligations to amounted to P6, 409,814.92, and considering that the amount of PNB’s bid is P8, 511,000.00, there is clearly an excess in the bid price which PNB must return, together with the interest computed in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the court.

Starbucks Competition and Strategy Analysis

Starbucks Competition and Strategy Analysis Executive Summary As coffee drinkers of all ages and sizes increase around the world, Starbucks amongst fierce rivals continues to experience unsurpassed growth sales. Their upscale coffee outlets that deliver pleasing to the eye dà ©cor and brand uniqueness at locations scattered nationally and internationally, their distinct aromas and scents, Starbucks has been able to differentiate themselves from all competitors. The aforementioned characteristics that is Starbucks, has enabled the coffee retailer to increase profitability, expand globally, and attract new customers. With an estimated 17,000 outlets in approximately 55 countries, Starbucks boasts as the largest coffee outlet chain in the world. In North America alone, Starbucks employs nearly 11,000 full-time and 60,000 part-time employees. Additionally, the chain employs over 7,000 outside its United States borders. Through providing top quality coffee beans and distinctive varieties (aforementioned), Starbucks has led the way in revolutionizing the market industry. The chain not specializes in serving coffee, but also teas, juices, pastries of all kinds and now even coffee-flavored ice cream brands that deliver pleasing to the taste and thirst of many loyal, and soon-to-be new customers. Since 1994, Starbucks has enjoyed measurable success through clever mergers and or acquisitions. A few successful ventures include Seattles Best coffee chain now offers a small line of its premium brands on commercial Delta airlines flights and thanks to the ever-increasing Wi-Fi market, Starbucks continues to connect with customers. In 2010, after extensive market surveying, Starbucks introduced three new ice cream coffee-free flavor brands. Starbucks continues to face stiff competition and only through strategic planning hinged upon finding new and creative ways to be innovative will the firm continue to diversify its financial portfolio while enabling its ability to cover liabilities. Introduction Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, Starbucks is an international Corporation (www.Starbucks.com) whose stocks are traded on the NYSE under the SBUX ticker symbol. Starbucks is the largest coffee outlet in the world, with close to seventeen thousand shops in approximately fifty countries or provinces, eleven thousand in America alone, over one thousand in Canada, eight hundred in Japan and seven hundred Coffee Shops in the United Kingdom. Starbucks in 2003 was listed as a Fortune 500 firm, ranked 465. By the end of 2010, they were ranked 241. Background Howard Schultz gained control of Starbucks in 1987. Starbucks was founded by three colleagues in 1971 in Seattle who were inspired by a mutual acquaintance Alfred Peet, an established businessman. By 1980 the company had grown to four locally owned stores that turned a reasonable profit every year. It was in 1981 when Howard Schultz, then Vice President of U.S operations for Swedish Kitchen and Coffeemaker equipment decided to visit Starbucks out of curiosity as to how and why the Starbucks was so successful with selling his companys products. Managerially, Schultz was impressed with the company. After much persistence, Schultz landed his first job with Starbucks as head of marketing and research. Overflowing with ideas for the company, Howard Schultzs biggest inspiration and vision for Starbucks future came in 1983 while on a business trip to Italy and the idea of Espresso Bars came fell upon him. After failing to convince Baldwin for the expansion of business, he initially left Starbucks in 1985 and started the Il Giornale coffee bar chain in 1985 and the coffeehouse was very successful. In 1987 after buying out the former owners Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker, Schultz began to quickly begin to realize his full dream for Starbucks and quickly expanded business operations in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Chicago, Illinois, of the same year. By 1992, Starbucks then a recognized publicly traded company on the stock market had expanded nationally to 165 shops. In 2009, Starbucks succeeded by opening about nine hundred additional shops outside the Continental United States. Mission Statement (Actual per www.starbucks.com, accessed on 20 February 20, 2011) Establish Starbucks as the premier distributor of the best coffee on the planet without compromising principles on quality of growth. Our Coffee It has always been, and will always be, about quality. Were passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this; our work is never done.(2, 7) Our Partners Were called partners, because its not just a job, its our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard, ensuring the latest technology is implemented for producing superior products to our loyal customers. (4, 8, 9) Our Customers When we are fully engaged, we connect with, laugh with, and uplift the lives of our customers-even if just for a few moments. Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, but our work goes far beyond that. Its really about human connection. (1) Our Stores When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores become a haven, a break from the worries outside, a place where you can meet with friends. Its about enjoyment at the speed of life-sometimes slow and savored, sometimes faster. Always full of humanity. (6) Our Neighborhood Every store is part of a community, and we take our responsibility to be good neighbors seriously. We want to be invited in wherever we do business. We can be a force for positive action-bringing together our partners, customers, and the community to contribute every day. Now we see that our responsibility-and our potential for good-is even larger. The world is looking to Starbucks to set the new standard, yet again. We will lead. (3) Our Shareholders We know that as we deliver in each of these areas, we enjoy the kind of success that rewards our shareholders. We are fully accountable to get each of these elements right so that Starbucks-and everyone it touches-can endure and thrive. (5) Customer Products or services Markets Technology Concern for survival, profitability, growth Philosophy Self-concept Concern for public image Concern for employees Mission Statement Analyzed   I consider this to be a fairly good, and accurate statement although per my rating (based on research), the mission statement lacks two (2) important components: Technology and Concern for employees. The company must evaluate whether it is technologically advanced and even though the companys vision is of concern to its employees, it still should be added to its mission statement. Vision Statement (Actual per www.starbucks.com, accessed on 20 February 20, 2011) To establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world and become a national company with values and guiding principles that employee could be proud of. The vision statement clearly describes the dream or the future of the company that is to be the worlds most well known coffeehouse and also to be the most appreciated and positively graded brand by all levels of people around the world. Finally, the company focuses emphasis in the value of employees and their loyalty, and strives to create a happy work environment. The opportunity for entry of new competitors shows a balance between different firms competing in a market and subsequently, they can be looked upon as a threat to already established firms. One of Starbucks staunchest competitors is McDonalds McCafe which is really catching on globally. Competition is real due to entry level start up costs which can be extremely low and or offered at a bargain price to gain a competitive edge. This probably can explain why Starbucks has recently decided to partner with Burger King which I personally consider a very positive move. Starbucks Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) is illustrated below and compares the coffee firms internal and external factors, based upon strengths (superior or 4.0), against weaknesses (1.0), against its current, and projected market competition. Used effectively, it will give management clear idea about the firms strengths and weaknesses and aid in plotting a way forward that is healthy and most importantly, profitable. Anything in between can be rated from fair, to average to above average to superior. From the illustration below, Starbucks fares a little above average when compared to Dunkin Donuts, yet well below McDonalds. Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) In the External Factor Evaluation or EFE, only external factors, that is, opportunities, and threats, are evaluated. From the illustration below, the following info can be drawn: Gourmet coffee consumption tied in to drinkers educational levels. The higher the level of education the more gourmet coffee on average was consumed, by as much as seventy-one percent. Trends showed sixteen percent of U.S. adult population consumed specialty coffee on a daily basis; sixty-three percent only occasionally. The growth in popularity of specialty coffees has increased, as only thirteen percent and fifty-nine percent of people reported daily and occasional consumption, respectively, in 2002. Also, trends over the past ten-years showed consumers requesting more organic coffees which influenced retailers on the growing environment of coffee beans. Consumers are becoming more health conscious and are looking for sweats and snacks that are low in carbohydrates / sugar and calories. International market has a stronger economy and accordingly, consumers would be able to pay premium price for specialty or gourmet coffee. With regards to threats, the 2007-2009 economic recession adversely affected the specialty coffee industry. Recently, trends show consumer concern with nutritional value. Volatility in the stocks and coffee price could impact the purchasing power for the buyers. Smaller competitors are expanding their markets as well as their product line offerings. In conclusion, competitors such as McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts are becoming stronger in offering specialty coffee along with other complimentary products. This may explain why SBUX has recently announced a partnership with Burger King who has long lagged behind McDonalds, especially in the breakfast arena to start offering Seattles Best coffee products (a subsidiary of Starbucks), in efforts to further close the gap between itself from its the conglomerate that is McDonalds Corporation. External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix Gourmet coffee consumption rose with the drinkers educational level. Those who finished college bought forty-nine percent more gourmet coffee on average, and those with some postgraduate education bought seventy-one percent more Sixteen percent of the U.S. adult population consumed specialty coffee on a daily basis, whereas sixty-three percent indulged occasionally The growth in popularity of specialty coffees has increased, as only thirteen percent and fifty-nine percent of people reported daily and occasional consumption, respectively, in 2002 Another trend that has surfaced in the past decade has been consumer requests for organic coffees, and more emphasis was placed by retailers on the growing environment of the beans Consumers are becoming more health conscious and are looking for sweats and snacks that are low in carbs / sugar and calorie International market has a stronger economy and accordingly, consumers would be able to pay premium price for specialty or gourmet coffee Threats The 2007-2009 economic recession adversely affected the specialty coffee industry Recent trends shows consumers are concerned about the nutritional value of coffee products and are demanding nutritional info be posted on the products even in retail outlets. Volatility in the stocks and coffee price could impact the purchasing power for the buyers Smaller competitors are expanding their markets as well as their product line offerings Competitors such as McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts are becoming stronger in offering specialty coffee along with other complementary products Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix is a summary step in conducting an internal strategic-management audit used to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a business, and provide a foundation for identifying and evaluating relationships founded upon those areas. Looking at key Internal Factors, Starbucks most advantageous opportunities lie in expansion in ever-growing Markets like Brazil, Russia, India and China or the BRICs as they are commonly referred. Of note, Starbucks doesnt appear to show any interest in marketing its products through advertisings as much as focusing on the quality of its coffee and that power alone to retain, and attract new customers. Key Internal Factors Strengths Starbucks expects to add approximately 20 net new stores to its global store base in fiscal 2009 by closing approximately 425 company-operated stores in the United States and adding of approximately 60 company-operated stores internationally The company plans to open approximately 65 net new licensed stores in the United States and approximately 320 net new licensed stores internationally Capital expenditures for fiscal 2009 are expected to remain unchanged, at approximately $600 million. Licensing revenues increased primarily due to higher product sales and royalty revenues as a result of opening 438 new licensed retail stores in the last 12 month Strong marketing and promotional campaign such as product placement in major TV series Starbucks also provides electrical outlets and, in some stores, wireless access, for customers who might need to use their MP3 players or laptop computers Starbucks products can be found in convenience stores, grocery stores, department stores, movie theaters, businesses, schools, and even airports Starbucks is rated by Fortune as one of the best top 10 places to work Starbucks also encourages the use of its Web site where customers are able to register their Starbucks cards, receive nutritional information about Starbucks products, shop online, search for careers, and much more Weaknesses 47 percent drop in earnings in one year (2008) For the 26 weeks ending March 2009, Starbucks revenues decreased 7 percent to $4.95 billion and net income decreased 72 percent to $89.3 million Moodys Investors Service recently downgraded Starbucks credit ratings The U.S. company operated retail business continued deteriorating trends For the second quarter of fiscal 2009, U.S. total net revenues were $1.8 billion, a decline of $131.5 million, or 6.8 percent, due to decreased revenues from company operated retail stores Many of Starbucks International operations are in early stages of development that require a more extensive support organization relative to the current levels of revenue and operating income in the United States International total net revenues were $433.7 million for the 13 weeks ended March 29, 2009, down $59.7 million, or 12.1 percent, compared with the same period last year, primarily due to the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar relative to the British pound and Canadian dollar Global Consumer Products Group (CPG) total net revenues decreased by 2 percent to $94.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2009, due primarily to lower margin on sales of packaged coffee as a result of discounting, as well as lower volume to the trade The Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis is an effective to that when used properly, gathers, analyzes, and evaluates information which helps firms identify strategic advantages/disadvantages. SWOT Strategies Opportunities Gourmet coffee consumption rose with the drinkers educational level. Those who finished college bought 49 percent more gourmet coffee on average, and those with some postgraduate education bought 71 percent more Sixteen percent of the U.S. adult population consumed specialty coffee on a daily basis, whereas 63 percent indulged occasionally The growth in popularity of specialty coffees has increased, as only 13 percent and 59 percent of people reported daily and occasional consumption, respectively, in 2002 Another trend that has surfaced in the past decade has been consumer requests for organic coffees, and more emphasis was placed by retailers on the growing environment of the beans Consumers are becoming more health conscious and are looking for sweats and snacks that are low in carbohydrates / sugar and calorie International market has a stronger economy and accordingly, consumers would be able to pay premium price for specialty or gourmet coffee Implement product development by introducing organic coffee and disclosing the nutritional content to the consumers (S1, S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, O1, O2, O3) Continue opening more retail stores overseas where coffee is in demand and market has not been saturated by competitors (S1, S2, S3, S4, S9, O6) Develop new products with better nutritional value (S6, S8, O1, O2, O4, O5) Develop a marketing strategy such as Starbucks Combo by offering combination of gourmet coffee and cookie / cake or 2 for 1 on Tuesdays and Wednesdays when the patrons can purchase coffee on Tuesday and get free refill on Wednesday (W1, W2, W3, O1, O2, O3) Establish joint venture with hotels, airlines, and retailers for having mini-Starbucks locations or for serving premium Starbucks coffee in the hotel rooms or during the flights (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, O1, O2, O3, O6) Threats The 2007-2009 global recession negatively affected the specialty coffee industry Recent trends have shown that some of the consuming public is concerned about the nutritional value of such products as those offered by the specialty coffee sector and have even challenged the correctness of the labeling and calorie information posted on the products available at retail outlets. Volatility in the stocks and coffee price could impact the purchasing power for the buyers Smaller competitors are expanding their markets as well as their product line offerings Competitors such as McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts are becoming stronger in offering specialty coffee along with other complementary products Implement market penetration strategy by promoting additional licensing retail deals. This minimizes the risks and capital expenditures for Starbucks (S2, S3, S4, S5, T1, T4, T5) Lower prices of popular drinks by $0.50 and promote the price decrease through aggressive advertising (S6, S7, S8, T1, T4) Penetrate market by appealing to a wider variety of consumers (W6, T4, T5) Cutback on some of operating expenses such trying to improve purchasing power and getting better prices from the suppliers and vendors (W4, T4, T5) Create Promotional Strategies Such As Starbucks Combo Or Reduce The Price By $0.50 Per Drink On Popular Drinks Develop New Products With Better Nutritional Value Expand Internationally By Opening Additional 100+ License Retailers Through Joint Ventures Portfolio Analysis: Starbucks BCG Matrix (The Worlds Most Innovative Companies Their creativity goes beyond products to rewiring themselves. Business Week and the Boston Consulting Group rank the best. Accessed and referenced on 20 February 20, 2011 at http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_17/b3981401.htm) The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix is enhancing a multidivisional firms efforts to formulate strategies. The BCG allows a multi-focused firm to manage its portfolio by examining relative market share position and the industry growth rate each division relative to all other divisions in the organization. The Starbucks BCG matrix below shows four (4) divisions which include Question Marks, Stars, Cash Cows, and Dogs. Quadrant I shows low relatives market position, high growth industry. Cash needs versus cash generation are high and low. Quadrant II or Star Division identifies best long-run opportunities for growth and profitability. Quadrant III or Cash Cows with high relative market share position but compete in a low growth industry and finally, Quadrant IV or Dogs identifies relatively low market share position and compete in a snail or no market growth industry. Starbucks Income Statements shows steady increases between 2003 and 2005. The revenues on the year 2003 were $4,075,000, while $2,191,000 in year 2004, $6,369,000 in year 2005. Also, the firms growth sales rate for 2004 and 2005 was 56.3%. In conclusion, Starbucks were identified in Star division which means its long-run opportunities for the growth and profitability is overall good. Recommendations Starbucks coffees price are much more expensive than other market competitor products because Starbucks purchases the highest quality coffee beans which means and price-war advantage for its competitors in these challenged economic times. Develop series of new coffee, tea and fruit drinks with better nutritional values for health conscious customers. Initially, enter selected market with predatory pricing strategy and then move to larger market. Starbucks is showing signs of change and that the change has started to work. For the first time in eight quarters, the company posted positive earnings. In fact, all US company operated stores reported positive growth in their sales. For the last few years, the company over-expanded by opening too many stores and some too close to each others. Now, they have done an impressive job restructuring itself and returning back to being profitable by closing some stores and slimming down its workforce over the past few years. They further eliminated excessive waste in their operations and have been trying to be leaner in their day to day business processes. Leading the way in technological media, Starbucks innovative nature has enabled capitalization on the social networks like Twitter and Facebook. Additionally, Starbucks even has an iPhone application (accessed at Why Starbucks Has Room to Improve. http://www.minyanville.com/businessmarkets/articles/starbucks-growth-upgrade-profit-price-hikes/1/22/2010/id/26485 20 Feb. 2011.).

What Impact does Jasper Jones have on the Reader? Essays -- jasper jone

Jasper Jones is a coming of age novel that the author Craig Silvey has set in 1965, in the small town of Corrigan; thick with secrecy and mistrust. Charlie Bucktin, an innocent boy at the young age of thirteen, has been forced to mature and grow up over a life changing, challenging summer. With a little help from Jasper Jones, Charlie discovers new knowledge about the society and the seemingly perfect town that he is living in, as well as the people that are closest to him. The most important ideas and issues that Craig Silvey portrays in Jasper Jones are: coming of age and identity, injustice and racism. These themes have a great impact on the reader. While discovering and facing these new issues, Charlie and his best friend Jeffrey Lu gain a greater awareness of human nature and how to deal with the challenges that life can throw at you. One of Silvey’s major ideas in Jasper Jones is coming of age and identity; in this case, Charlie has been thrown into adulthood and forced to grow out of his immature, fearful self. During the novel Charlie starts to mature, show bravery and stand up for himself. This turn of events occur because Charlie chooses to help Jasper: â€Å"But I don’t turn back. I stay. I follow Jasper Jones. And I see it. And everything changes. The world breaks and spins and shakes.† (pg. 12). He made a choice between doing what was right and what he thought was fair. He knew Jasper would be immediately blamed for the death of Laura Wishart. The night Laura Wishart was found dead, Charlie changed as a person: he started to see everything in a different light, even his home life. He comes to terms with his mother; he realises that her personal issues are being taken out on him and dominating their family life. Ruth Buc... ... reader. Throughout the book, Charlie unfolds secrets and truths about the world and the society that he lives in; secrets and truths that cause him to grow up and transition into adulthood. He also makes a life changing decision and rebelled against was he thought was the right thing. This reflects his maturity and bravery throughout the journey he travels that summer. Charlie eyes suddenly become open to the injustice that the town of Corrigan demonstrates. He also comes to face the issue of racism; not only shown towards his best friend Jeffrey and the Lu family but to Jasper Jones as well. He realises the town of Corrigan is unwilling to accept outsiders. Charlie not only finds out things that summer about the people that surround him, but he also finds out who he is personally. Works Cited Silvey, C 2009, Jasper Jones, Allen & Unwin, Cross Nest N.S.W.

Rugby is Better than Sex :: Personal Narrative Sports Athletics Papers

Rugby is Better than Sex An imitation of â€Å"Surfing is better than sex† I USED TO LOOK AT THE SENIOR BOYS PLAYING ‘THAT ROUGH’ GAME rugby and just wonder at the courage that they possessed. Never in my mind did I see myself as a rugby player. It is true I was bigger than many of the people on the team but that did not mean I had half the courage. That was way back in my first years at Budo high school. Then one day, a rugger by the name of Yustus reached out to me. â€Å"KESA†, he called out my nickname. â€Å"You should try out rugby with us one of these days†, he added. Rugby is a very small club sport at Lafayette and has a lot of challenges. During orientation, I accidentally met up with a team member called Mike who told me about Lafayette rugby. He told me that the team did not have a coach and â€Å"we are trying to get in as many freshmen as possible†. I replied that I had a lot of experience, having played rugby for about 5 years, and I would love to join. When we had our first rugby meet, it was on a small quad in front of one of the nine fraternities. This quad was the antithesis of the real big fields I was used to; one could hardly run a forty-yard dash on it. Well, after a couple of weeks playing on the quad, we were able to head out to Metzgar fields. These are a set of fields for lacrosse, soccer, baseball, and football practice and there is also provision for rugby. In the middle of all other sports grounds, our rugby team found a somewhat full size field. The first engagement we had for the season was a home match against Lehigh University and this was one of best games for the entire season. We went into this game as the underdogs, but that did not inhibit my team from maneuvering well. We were not expected to win, so all we did is have fun giving Lehigh a decent challenge. On many occasions, I would run with the ball and stop just a couple of yards away from the goal line. My teammates were always there to support me whenever I went with the ball. I remember one time when a Lehigh player broke through the scrum and was heading towards our goal.

Dear Diary

A few days ago, I ran into these strange-looking witches that had brought forth a prophecy that I hadn't believed. The prophecy stated that I shall replace Duncan, my King, from his title. This news was indeed compelling but Just the thought of ever replacing the King was something I could never do. I had to share this news with someone, so I went to the one person I trust more than anyone in this world, my wife. She was delighted to hear that I could be named King, but seemed devastated that I was hesitant on taking a type of action that could gain me the throne.I had been persuaded by my wife into assassinating the king and taking his crown. Ever since then my life has changed enormously. These past few days have been like a nightmare for me, a nightmare that I have to live in until my last breath. In order to remain king and keep the title in my family, I must take action towards the people who have the ability to that away from me. Therefore, my best friend, Banquet, and his sons must be eliminated because the prophecy from the witches had stated that his sons will be the true heir of the throne rather than my sons when they are born, which I can't let, happen.I can't kill again; the circumstances this time around are different than before. I am the king now, and after everything I had gone through Just to get this title I can't Jeopardize that. Due to the choices I had made, I need to be the most patient and kind king the world has ever seen, I need to remain calm at all times, and under no circumstance may I ever tell a soul of the actions I had taken to be where I am today. This Is what my future lays for me. This Is what my life shall look like from here on.

Essay on Journeys Essay

A journey is a path of hardship which leads an individual to accept the past and move towards the future. This concept is embodied through the play ‘Away’, by Michael Gow, which explores the spiritual journey of characters through the transition of a physical journey. This idea of a physical journey provoking a spiritual change is portrayed through the poem ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’ by William Wordsworth and â€Å"Running out of time† by anonymous. Each respective composer conveys their interpretation of journeys, evident through Gow’s characters of Coral and Tom, introducing the theme of acceptance. A journey is a process which allows an individual to experience hardships and difficulties, leading to the theme of acceptance. This theme has been demonstrated through the character of Coral, the mother of a fallen son in war, resulting in her depression and isolation. The events experienced through Corals physical and inner journey is therapeutic by which her understanding of acceptance is shaped. Corals inner journey is evidently overcome in Act 5, scene 1, which reveals Corals renounced sense of understanding and acceptance as she, â€Å"Lifts out a handful of shells† (Page 56). The significance is placed on Coral physically letting go of the sea shells. This action symbolises her ability to ‘let go’ of the skeletons of her past, representing her deceased son. Gow also utilises the symbolism of shells to demonstrate the significance of acceptance towards an individual’s wellbeing. This connotes to the idea of change and allows the audience to understand Corals experiences of struggle and strength to accept the past. The idea of acceptance and moving on is further portrayed when Coral and Roy leave the shells behind them. The perception of change is further reinforced through the following stage direction in Act 5, scene 1, and â€Å"Coral comes in carrying her hat upside down† (Page 65). Corals hat being flipped conveys how there is no need for disguising herself from the world anymore, depicting the composer’s purpose of illustrating the inner journey undertaken by the experiences of Coral. Contrastingly, the idea of self-acceptance is often challenged when an individual embarks on a journey, clearly evident throughout the poem, â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud†, by William Wordsworth. Through this physical ourney, an inner journey of self-isolation is apparent. The persona’s failure to move on from his solitude is reflected through his inner thoughts and perceptions, evident through who perceives, â€Å"A crowd/ a host of golden daffodils†. Wordsworth personifies a crowd of people to that of daffodils to create a sense of curiosity and interest within the reader. The poet further communicates the persona’s solitude through the lines, â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud†. This simile is emphasized through the use of repetition in the title and the first line, to identify the personas lonely nature which highlights both his physical and inner journey. Towards the end of the poem, the personas earlier solitude is now blissful solitudness. Correspondently, the play ‘Away’ by Gow highlights how each character undergoes a journey of self-discovery, hardship, bonding and overcoming the dealings of reality. The inner journey of Corals solitude and depression creates a connection with the persona in the poem, â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud†, allowing both composers to effectively portray similar ideas involving concepts of journeys. The concept of journeys can be portrayed when a individual fails to accept the past and move on. Ideas of acceptance are reinforced through the character of Tom in the dramatic play ‘Away’. Tom is a 14 year-old school boy who struggles with his inner journey, as he finds it difficult to accept the fact that he has terminal cancer, he does not have long to live. By Tom covering up his illness and isolating himself from others, it is immediately evident that he does not accept his current situation. As the play progresses however, the theme of acceptance begins to unfold. Tom finally realises the reality of his illness and through the help of Meg, accepts his current situation. His acceptance is clearly demonstrated in Act 3, scene 5 where, after the storm, Tom wears a Hawaiian shirt at the beach, â€Å"Tom is wearing board shorts and a Hawaiian shirt† (Page 41). This stage direction symbolises a new beginning of change for Tom and his parents. Through Tom wearing a ‘colourful’ shirt on the beach, it is evident that he is finally overcoming his barrier of fear and isolation. The imagery of colours conveys that the storm has passed and things have gotten brighter and better. Through costume and colour, it is undeniable that acceptance is formed. This allows the audience to effectively identify a change in Tom’s journey of acceptance. The composer’s purpose of conveying the theme of acceptance is shaped through the character of Tom. The inner thoughts and perceptions of an individual begin to unfold when the theme of acceptance is evident. The concept of acceptance is evident throughout the poem, â€Å"Running out of time† composed by anonymous. The composer demonstrates towards the reader, the persona’s inability to move on and accept current situations, reinforced in the following line, â€Å"While still more and more pain inside†. The composer utilises repetition to further highlight and suggest that the persona is attempting to mask his depression and melancholy attitude.. Through this, it is clear that the persona is undergoing some form of an inner journey of self-isolation. The persona’s inner journey is further depicted through the gloomy tone created by the composer. Keep hiding behind the smile, pretending to be happy†. The use of the depressing tone symbolises the way Tom is not accepting the dealings of reality and that he is going to die. Tom is disguising himself and hiding away the truth from others, further relating back to how the persona is covering up his illness. The composer of â€Å"Running out of time† creates a connection with the character of Tom and the persona, further illustrating how an individual’s inner thoughts may shape the ability to accept the present.

Asian Tourism Comparison And Effect On Economic Growth Tourism Essay

Asian Tourism Comparison And Effect On Economic Growth Tourism Essay Tourism is one of key industry in the development of some countries in Asia. Malaysia, itself depend on tourism in its nation growth. In Asia, country like Malaysia has benefited a lot from the development of its tourism industry. The developments of tourism in Asia are differing amongst countries. Natural disaster such as air pollution, floods and earthquake will bring an effect on the tourism industry in Asia. There has been previous research regarding to tourism which study the relationship between natural disaster and tourism. In the year of 2010, hazardous flooding in Pakistan has influence its economy growth. Decision-making by tourists on travel plan is influenced by economic, technological, international or political, sociocultural and environmental factors including those directly related to environmental and natural hazards ( Mathieson and Wall, 1993). According to Sinclair and Stabler (1997), the range of goods and services encompassing tourism include natural resources a nd especially the non-price feature and the positive benefits derived from attractive environment and the negative effect of pollution. Sinclair and Stabler noted that the perceived cost of travel increases by the realization of natural disaster has effect tourism at all. The research by Campos, (1999) stated that there was relationship between tropical cyclone (natural disaster) and the income of hotels (tourism industry), meanwhile Chang (1983) found that hurricane and other natural disaster can decreases revenues to a municipality through reduce tourism revenues, although the increases assistant by Federal Government to the effect area. Comparison and effect of tourism in Asia on the development of economy can be discussed specifically by making comparison between the chosen countries. The countries included on the list of this study were Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines, Indonesia,Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Cambondia. 1.3.1 Malaysia The research by Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah a nd Mohd Fauzi Mohd Harun in June 2010 regarding to tourism in Malaysia show that tourism in Malaysia is the third largest industry after oil and automobiles. Malaysian economy will increase due to the increase in tourism sector. Number of tourists visits Malaysia is a major factor which influences the Malaysian economy alone. During Asian Financial Crisis 1997, number of tourists declined and reached a new record after the economic stalemate. There was another research which shows how tourists influence the growth of tourism in some countries. According to Song and Witt (2000), they described tourist products as the amount of tourism demand that the consumers are willing to acquire during a specific period of time and under certain conditions which controlled by the explanatory factors used in the demand equation. Smeral (1988) and Syriopoulos and Sinclair (1993) empirically examined the relationships between the variables underlying the determinants of tourism demand. Lim (1997), S ong and Witt (2000) and Song et al. (2003), used econometrics forecasting model to which forecasts changed as a result of changes in the variables that act as economic drivers of tourism. Loeb (1982), Nordstrom (1996), Uysal and Crompton (1982) have used the demand function approach to identify the quantitative relationships of tourism demand. Jorgensen (1996) and Muller (1999) have focus on the statistical properties of an important time series, namely on the international tourist demand.